On April 2, 2021, a derailment of the Taiwan Railway (TRA) Taroko occurred in Hualien's Ching Shui Tunnel, resulting in the deaths of 49 passengers and more than 200 people sustaining minor injuries, making it the most serious railroad accident in the last 10 years. Taiwan time on April 2, 2022, this day will be the anniversary of the Tzu Chi and Taiwan Railway in the south plaza of Taipei Station, organized "Praying for the resonance, love forever flow-0402 Taiwan Railway 408 train accident thanksgiving memorial service", Executive Yuan President Su Jen-Ching Chang, the Minister of Transportation, Wang Kuo-cai, jointly attended the Taiwan Railway train, together with the whistle for 30 seconds, in memory of the victims of the driver and passengers to the families to express their condolences.
Mr. Chen, the survivor, said that last year they were returning to their hometown in Taitung, and unfortunately took the death train. Although he was lucky to survive, he watched his 4-year-old daughter and sister die beside him. On one occasion, his 3-year-old son said to him in childish terms, "My sister got on the train that broke down and flew up to the sky, when is she going to come down and play with me? He was heartbroken. Taroko's train captain, Li Weigang, said it took two months for the derailment to settle down, but he still apologized to the passengers who couldn't return home safely. Accident full one year eve, he said after the accident look relatively open, want to do things immediately implement, but the pain is always there, only with time slowly fade.
Both victims and rescuers may experience physical and psychological changes after a disaster. These include constant recollection of trauma-related events, such as dreams of death and trains; fear when encountering relevant cues, such as not being able to approach large groups of people; low mood, irritability, and a different personality than usual; avoidance symptoms, such as not being able to ride the train or watch the news; dissociative symptoms, such as numbness to surroundings, not feeling like oneself, and not being able to remember the trauma-related events; and hyperautonomic symptoms, such as insomnia at night and anxiety during the day, which is especially disturbing to people. The symptoms last from 3 days to 1 month. Symptoms that last from 3 days to 1 month and affect general functioning, such as interpersonal, work, and academic functioning, may be considered "acute stress disorder." Symptoms that last more than a month may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, some people start out in the numbness phase, and symptoms may surface after a period of time.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is often triggered by direct experience or witnessing a shocking event. Common traumatic events include near-death threats such as kidnapping, homicide, war, natural or man-made disasters, serious physical injury, abuse or sexual violence.
Even these traumas do not have to be experienced or witnessed, sometimes just "learning" about a traumatic event with a close family member or friend can trigger post-traumatic stress disorder, leading to flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable reminders of the traumatic event.
According to studies of lifetime prevalence, PTSD is not uncommon. On average, 9.2% of traumatized people experience PTSD, and survivors of sexual assault, war, imprisonment, and massacre have prevalence rates as high as 33% to 50%.
Experiencing a major traumatic event is painful for anyone. It is not uncommon for people to experience flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and flashbacks of the traumatic event within a short period of time. But with time and good self-care, most people eventually recover. However, if these symptoms continue to worsen for months or even years, and interfere with daily work and social functioning, it is likely that you are suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.
Some of the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) usually begin within three months of the event and can be categorized into four main groups:
Re-experiencing the traumatic experience: After the traumatic event has passed, the traumatic experience may be felt again through nightmares of the same event, or sudden daytime flashbacks of the traumatic event. These feelings are often "intrusive" and the less one wants to remember them, the more one remembers them.
Hypervigilance: After a traumatic event, some cases remain in a state of alert. This can lead to inability to concentrate, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, and in severe cases, impulsive self-injurious behavior.
Avoidance and Numbing: Many people choose to avoid memories or contact with people, events, times, places, and things that may trigger memories of the traumatic event.
Presence of negative cognitions and emotions related to the traumatic event: association disorders, distorted perception of the traumatic event blaming self or others, depressed mood, withdrawal from others.
These symptoms are not only psychologically distressing, but also have a significant impact on a person's ability to live and work. If these symptoms cause impairment in interpersonal functioning and persist for more than a month, it is likely that post-traumatic stress syndrome is present.
Psychotherapy is considered the treatment of choice for PTSD and can be categorized into three groups:
Supportive Psychotherapy: Doctors and therapists listen to cases, but do not criticize or intervene in their thoughts. Instead, they give affirmation and positive encouragement. This helps to stabilize the emotional state of the case and allows the patient to relax and feel at ease with the treatment. The goal of supportive therapy is to improve symptoms, self-esteem, self-functioning and adaptive skills.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Through an interview with a physician or therapist to assess the characteristics of the case and the resources available, strategies for treatment are developed, including psychoeducation, exposure, cognitive restructuring, anxiety management, etc. The treatment may also vary depending on the traumatic event. The treatment approach varies according to the traumatic event. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is generally considered to be effective in improving Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Psychodynamic Orientation Psychotherapy: Analyze the attachment relationship with parents, separation anxiety, childhood trauma, and empathy towards the therapist, etc., to improve the symptoms and help the case to self-awareness.
I. The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) provides national resources for mental health and psychiatric services, with detailed information on psychiatric hospitals across the country that provide psychological counseling, psychotherapy, and other services.
For the latest list of mental healthcare organizations (medical institutions, mental rehabilitation organizations, mental care homes, psychological counseling clinics and psychotherapy clinics) in different counties and cities, please refer to the Heart Points of the HeartQuick - Mental Health Learning Platform:
https://wellbeing.mohw.gov.tw/nor/mmap
Second, we can contact the Community Mental Health Centers of the Health Bureau in each region to provide psychological consultation and psychotherapy needed by the public. An appointment system is adopted, so please call us for consultation first or make an appointment through the online reservation system.
A National List of Community Mental Health Centers:
https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOMHAOH/cp-4558-49529-107.html
Third, the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Peace of Mind Hotline 1925 (Still Love Me) can provide 24-hour free psychological counseling services, or please call the Civil Lifeline 1995 and Teacher Zhang 1980 hotlines, where the relevant staff can also provide appropriate psychological support and counseling.
Linking Resources through the Social Welfare Service Center
The Social Welfare Service Center is the welfare family doctor for every family and the "Good Alcove" of the community. You can find appropriate resources and service organizations for psychological counseling, psychotherapy, and other services by connecting to the local Social Welfare Service Center.
National Social Security Network_Social Welfare Service Centers List
https://www.sfaa.gov.tw/SFAA/SocialSafetyNet/List.aspx?nodeid=1
If you have any questions about the above information, please contact the above organizations. Or you are welcome to leave a message to us at Sunyu Academy and we will try our best to answer your questions.
Source:
Department of Mental and Oral Health, Ministry of Health and Welfare
https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/domhaoh/cp-328-8720-107.html
https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOMHAOH/cp-4558-49529-107.html
Image Source:
EuroHealth
